Identify potential risk and protective factors that may influence Essay

Identify potential risk and protective factors that may influence adolescents drug and alcohol use, and why do we need to consider these. Discuss - Essay Example These programs and services provided by the professionals meet the rigorous standards of the nations. They are considered to be the vertebral column of the public health reaction required to address this universal epidemic. The variation in treatment and the revitalization programs are considerable. However, it has been observed that these treatment programs are still not inclusive, accessible or affordable for everyone. Those individuals who genuinely need proper care and treatment must get access to it. In reality, out of five million individuals, nearly two million, who are suffering from drug and alcohol addiction, have the benefit of receiving proper and adequate treatment. Thus, about 60 percent of the drug and alcohol patients are deprived of proper treatment. One indisputable fact remains for the individuals who receive adequate treatment. This includes the assistance of families, pals and the society. They play a significant role in the overall recovery process. We should no t underestimate their timely involvement, encouragement, support to get out the addiction and help them to maintain sobriety (Facts about Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Treatment, Recovery and Use, n.d.). According to the European Union, the main reasons that provoke young Europeans to go for drug addiction are curiosity, peer pressure, thrill seeking and problems at home. The other reasons are loneliness, recreation, problems at schools or workplace, lack of willpower, expected effect of the drug and social or economic problems (Young people and drugs, 2004, p. 25). Figure 1 shows the trend in the causes behind drug abuse between 2002 and 2004. It has been estimated that nearly 3 percent of the total population of the world (that is, about 185 million people) have abused drugs during the period of June 2003 to June 2004. This report has been submitted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). About 13 million of the world

The Ukrainian Genocide Essay Example for Free

The Ukrainian Genocide Essay â€Å"Holodomor† means fake famine or slow killing by starvation in Ukrainian. Joseph Stalin, the premier of the Soviet Union, created an artificial famine to destroy the will of the Ukrainian people that sought independence from his rule. This famine lasted for three years killing an estimated seven to ten million people. Ukraine was known as the breadbasket of Europe before this happened. This was one of the worst cases of mass killing ever recorded. It also is one of the worst cases of food, or lack of it, being used as a weapon. Some people to this day ignore the fact that this artificial famine even existed. Ukraine had been under the domination of the Imperial Czars of Russia for two hundred years. Finally freedom had arrived in March of 1917. Some optimistic Ukrainians declared Ukraine to be an independent nation and began to re-establish Kiev, the nation’s capital. However, they did not stay free for long. Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to reclaim Ukraine. Four years of chaos and fighting followed. By the end of 1921 the Soviets were able to crush the Ukrainian people and win the war. Half of Ukraine was then divided up between Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. The rest of Ukraine was kept by the Soviet Union. The Soviets began shipping grain out of Ukraine to satisfy hungry Russians. While the Soviets banqueted, Ukrainians suffered. Then a drought occurred resulting in widespread hunger and popular resentment towards Vladimir Lenin and the Soviets. To lessen this animosity, Lenin lessened his grip on the Ukrainian people and even encouraged a free-market. People started to relax and renewed their interests in independence, folk art, music, and literature. The Soviets began slowly losing control of Ukraine because of this revival. However, when Lenin died Stalin, one of the most cold-blooded humans to ever hold this much power, took over. Stalin thought the gradual loss of Ukraine was completely unacceptable. To crush the free spirited revival he started using the same ruthless methods used on the Soviet Union. In the beginning of 1929 over five thousand Ukrainian scholars, scientists, cultural and religious leaders were arrested with false accusations of planning an armed revolt against the Soviets. Everyone that was arrested was either shot or deported to prison camps where they would be tortured with out a trial. Stalin also disapproved of Ukraine’s system of land management. He began seizing all privately owned farms in a country where eighty percent of its people are farmers. There was a class of farmers called â€Å"kulaks† by the communists. Kulaks were wealthy farmers who made a profit by themselves. Stalin believed that all farms should be collective farms run by the government. Stalin started forcing people to join these collective farms or else they would be classified as Kulaks and put into jails, which began appearing in most Ukrainian villages. By the summer of 1932 eighty percent of Ukraine’s population started working in collective farms. They were afraid of seeing their own children die of starvation so they gave in. He thought that any revolt in the future would be led by the Kulaks so he began destroying them as a class. Kulaks were declared â€Å"enemies of the people† and were left beaten in the streets with out any possessions of their own. The Red army stole all of the kulaks possessions. It was against the law to help Kulaks or their families in any way. Millions of people were put onto railroad boxcars and were shipped to prison camps in the wilderness of Siberia. One-third of the people sent to these camps died because of the horrible conditions. Back in Ukraine things were getting worse and worse each day. Stalin sent out henchman Lazar Kaganovitch to destroy all Ukrainian resistance. He made quota shooting 10,000 innocent Ukrainians weekly. Eighty percent of all intellectuals were executed. Stalin began stealing food that was made from the Ukrainian’s own hands. All farms were raided for any possible food, blankets, cattle, and fuel. The secret police looked for â€Å"hidden grain† under men and women’s clothing. Even the smallest amounts of grain were confiscated. They blocked all railroads and streets so nothing could get in or out of Ukraine. Ukrainians began to quickly die of starvation, cold, and sickness. During the winter of 1932-1933 the famine hit full force. Soon people were eating shoes, belts, tree bark, pets, and some even ate infant children and dead bodies to stay alive. Many begged neighbors for potato skins and other scraps, but they found their neighbors equally starved. There were unbelievably emaciated bodies in the street. I remember all this I was swollen from hunger; my brother was even in the worst condition He was dying; his swollen body was leaking fluid. I was sitting beside him, he was gritting his teeth and kept asking for a cucumber Then he died His dead body had been wrapped in a blanket, the color of this blanket is still in my memory. This is the testimony of Hanna Nelasa, born in Luhansk region. She was one of the few people brave enough to give her testimony about the famine. In Russia it has been made illegal to commemorate this event. To this day people do not know the exact amount of people that died during this tragic time. At the famine’s height 25,000 people were dying per day. They estimate the number of people that died to be around seven to ten million. In the end the Soviet collective farms never succeeded. The livestock were poorly cared for on these farms and the conditions were very unhealthy. Inexperienced young communists ran all the farms. They became jokes throughout Ukraine about how uneducated they were on simple things like farming and cleaning. An American Journalist wrote this horrifying description of what he saw: â€Å"About twenty miles south of Kiev (Kyiv), I came upon a village that was practically extinct by starvation. There had been fifteen houses in this village and a population of forty-odd persons. Every dog and cat had been eaten. The horses and oxen had all been appropriated by the Bolsheviks to stock the collective farms. In one hut they were cooking a mess that defied analysis. There were bones, pigweed, skin, and what looked like a boot top in this pot. The way the remaining half dozen inhabitants eagerly watched this slimy mess showed the state of their hunger. † On a personal note, my grandfather lived through this time. He was once walking and thought he saw a log and went to go sit on it, but it was a frozen body. They were living at the edge of the woods so his father buried potatoes and grain two hundred feet deep in the back of the woods. The Secret Police came to their house and took bayonets poking them into the soil looking for any food they had. Adults and children constantly came begging to their house for scraps of food and they gave it to them. This is why I chose this as my topic because my grandparents told me hundreds of stories about growing up during these times.

Cyclic Nature Of Language English Language Essay

Cyclic Nature Of Language English Language Essay This task comes under the prescribed Part 1 Language and Cultural context. The topic I have chosen is Cyclic nature of language. This topic is related to the Part 1 of English as it deals with change of the English Language which influences all the cultures throughout the world since the beginning of time. Language in itself has been evolving over the centuries. I have gone about this task in such a way that it shows the difference in the way of communication (through language) since the beginning of time to the language that has come to be in the present day. It shows the evolution of communication from gestures to emergence of language to change in language itself and then back to gestures and visual representations. This change is shown through examples like (change in form of asking someone to keep quiet) shhh à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ hist à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢could you please remain silent? à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Keep quiet à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ shut up à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢shhh à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ :-X. The aim of this task is to bring out the possibility of the claim that language is cyclic in nature. This is also a personal opinion hence I have chosen a blog form to express myself freely while using an informal approach. Also this enables me to put across my opinion among a varied range of audience who might be able to access this when in the form of blog. The blog helps my text to be conveyed in a generic form and audience as intended. Language came into existence in order for humans to communicate. This can be said for any form of language. It began from grunts, sign language and gestures in the 6000BC and evolved into the defined universal form of language which we speak in the present day. We still speak in gestures, only along with language too. After all actions speak louder than words. When angry we still wave our hands about or make offensive gestures, when happy a smile is intact on our face, when we feel compassionate we hug, kiss or embrace, when despising someone we either glare or make a face.  [1]  To communicate or send a message across we usually end up gesturing rather than only use words. According to me gestures are a way better means of expression or communication than words of a language as it is more universal, innate and natural. Not all gestures have evolved over the years like language has. Some gestures come naturally to everyone. If worried or deep in thought one involuntarily frowns. However lately it is seen language is deteriorating quite in the literal sense. Here is an example to show the deterioration of language over the past few centuries- Dost thou feel melancholic? (18th century) Is it sad that you feel? (19th century) Are you unhappy? (20th century) R u Ã…’? (21st century) Above is a simple example of how the language has evolved over the past centuries with the meaning still intact. Yes, a chap from the 19th century will only be able to guess at the most, what the emoticon  Ã…’ conveys. If anything, he will be surprised at the lack of words used when enquiring after someones well being. Whereas, a 21st century dude will only ever use words like thou and melancholic as a joke. It is quite evident how inappropriate using either kind of language in either century would be. Linguists and literature lovers cringe over the language used today. Authors from the earlier centuries might roll in their graves at the new meanings of same words used earlier. However evolution of language is inevitable and necessary too. Whether for the good or the bad, it differs from person to person depending on their perception. On one hand a literature lover might revel in the fancy and articulate language used earlier and despise the brief and hasty way the language has turned into in the present day. On the other hand, a 21st century, text savvy teenager might appreciate the usage of language in the earlier centuries and consider it a part of the lush history of literature but will be more comfortable using the abbreviated form of language these days. Also it is very important to note that the changes noted in the form of communication are in the form of letters in the olden days and texts now a days. Earlier, communication was slow and less frequent. Yet it was important and more efficient for the letters to be long and expressive. Whereas in the present day not only communication is extremely quick and efficient, meeting someone is also very easy. Hence in the era where texting and video calling is possible and it is almost like communicating with the person face to face, one doesnt feel the need to be overly expressive and long. Being brief does the task. Earlier it might be considered rude to be curt and short but now being long in your sentences in informal communication (where being short is perfectly fine) might make you look like a literary snob. In a way it is quite efficient as, even though the sentences are short it gets the point through. Either way it is seen how sentences have become shorter, words abbreviated, certain words for emotions all together turned into emoticons, gestures conveyed through words turned into visual gestures, tone conveyed by exclamations. Example Thou à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢you à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢u Sad  Ã…’ I love you I à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¥ U What? ?!!!! It is obvious from the above to the extent to which language is literally deteriorating. One could claim how language is cyclic in nature. It started from grunts and gestures and went through the phase of development of language to emergence of different languages and then evolution of words in language to abbreviation to conversion of words into visual gestures altogether. Are we going back in time? Are we becoming barbaric and unrefined? Does it matter? Does it matter that the English language is deteriorating? Because is not the primal use of a language to communicate? If the other person understands what you are trying to say to the same extent that you mean it, then does it actually matter how language changes? Moreover, I think when you personalize it, it defines you more, gives what you are saying more meaning if anything. My opinion is my own and it is not my intention to offend anybody whose opinion differs from mine. Yes I still acknowledge the fact that it is important to speak right if not, change of language would not mean evolution but just mere slothfulness and ignorance of one to learn a language properly. If that were to be entertained, not a single person would understand another without a manual on their own kind of language. Yet an efficient and meaningful change should not be dismissed simply but acknowledged and embraced as the time changes too.

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery :: Beauty and the Media

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery Everywhere we look there is an alluring face, an exotic, flawless statuesque body, overlaying one of the largest networking systems for fashion, beauty, and cosmetics of all kinds. Magazines such as Elle, Vogue, Maxim, FHM, and many more, feed into woman’s minds of what is beautiful or the ideal self. We all struggle with coming in touch with our real self-verses our ideal self. Angelina Jolie is considered publicly as one of the most beautiful women in the world. So what is it about her that is so captivating? Her lustrous lips, which are not collagen injected? Her long black, brown, or even dirty blonde hair, depending on her role I suppose? Not to mention, the one thing that is, unfortunately and freely observed the most; her sex appeal. Here is an example of what I mean. In a movie called â€Å"Gia,’ she portrays a heroin addicted model, which might I add, is a movie based on actual events. Her career and health were diminished because of her addiction and the amou nt of pressure put on her to live up to the industries expectations. But does the film industry take these factual events to a level of complete disillusion? The answer is no. Beautiful women everywhere, that are not celebrities or models, constantly adjust themselves to remain on an unbalanced pedestal that purposively determines what defines being attractive. The amount of hype in the entertainment society causes several problems in the cosmetics of fashion. Young teenage woman strive to achieve having the prettiest hair with the perfect highlight. These young, vulnerable teenagers are determined to be the ultimate trendsetter. Weight loss and gain is a common issue among this vulnerable, low self-esteemed, diamonds in the rough. For instance, take the Hollywood Diet. The Hollywood Diet is a liquid drink composed of vitamins and minerals, amongst natural diuretics and orange extract. Some of the ingredients may cause an increase in blood pressure when introducing cardiovascular activities. Also, for some people, when there is a pre-existing heart condition combined with improper meal intake and no mineral supplements, heart failure can occur. Woman tend to compare themselves a lot with celebrities or even other beautiful woman they simply pass in the streets. From a personal perspective, I make comparisons all the time. Eating disorders are an unfortunate disease that many suffer from due to the glamorized depiction of what beauty really is.

APN concept paper Essay

What is advanced practice nursing? An advanced practice nurse is one who has successfully completed a post-graduate nursing program. Advanced practice nurses receive intensive classroom as well as clinical education. They are supplied with the tools to gain advanced knowledge and skills, and increased scope of practice in nursing. Advanced practice nursing describes a level of nursing practice that uses comprehensive and strong skills. Advanced experience and knowledge are utilized to assess, plan, implement, diagnose and evaluate patients’ care. Nurses who practice at this level have received post-graduate education and may choose to work with either a specialist or generalist concentration. However, advanced practice nursing is based on the elevated level of knowledge, skill and experience that is employed within the nurse-patient relationship in order to achieve the best possible outcomes. This can be achieved by utilizing critical analysis, problem solving and evidence-based decision making. Why is advanced practice important in nursing? Because of the intensive post-graduate education requirements, advanced practice nurses learn to effectively integrate theory, practice and their own experiences. They also develop the ability to independently make responsible decisions and to apply appropriate interventions. The advanced education requirements are designed in such a way that advanced practice nurses learn to formulate multiple approaches when making decisions, managing patients’ care, or collaborating with patients to achieve best outcomes. This is important as healthcare continues to evolve. Patients can feel assured of receiving appropriate and excellent care by an advanced practice nurse who collaborates with physicians. There have been studies conducted to assess the outcomes of patients cared for by advanced practice nurses and compared to those cared for exclusively by physicians. The results showed that patients of those advanced practice nurses working along with the physicians had equal or better outcomes than those who had been treated solely by physicians. Is all advanced practice the same? No, an advanced practice nursing student can choose from one of four areas of specialization: Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Midwife, Clinical Nurse Specialist, or Nurse Practitioner. Each of these nurse specialties, particularly Nurse Practitioners, can choose to specialize in a particular field or focus on a specific patient population in which to provide care. Each specialty has a distinctive background and functions in a different capacity. However, they are all referred to as Advanced Practice Nurses. Â  

Creative And Critical Thinking Among Students Education Essay

â€Å" 7,987 directly As in SPM † screamed the headlines of major newspapers when the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia consequences were announced on the 10th of March 2010. The arrested development with academic accomplishments among Malaysians knew no bounds. Every twelvemonth, exhilaration and joy, anxiousness and letdown, pervade among pupils, parents and instructors when the Ministry of Education and Malaysian Examination Board releases the consequences of public scrutinies, be it UPSR, PMR, SPM and STPM. The compulsion with academic accomplishment is dominating all other facets of a holistic instruction system in Malaysia. The Malayan Education Philosophy clearly states that the function of the school course of study is to guarantee the holistic development of the single mentally, physically, spiritually and emotionally by leaving general cognition and accomplishments ; cultivating, transfusing and furthering healthy attitudes and recognized moral values. The course of study aims to convey forth the Malayan citizen who is a balanced and all-around person, trained, adept, and cherishes the national aspiration for integrity. Why all the ballyhoo with pupils ‘ academic accomplishments? Harmonizing to Professor Dr. Ray Wilks, Head of the School of Psychology, International Medical University, there is no grounds to demo a positive correlativity between academic accomplishment in scrutiny and acquisition. Learning should non be about go throughing scrutinies. â€Å" We should alternatively make more wonder in kids ‘s acquisition to foster creativeness and innovativeness, † says Professor Dr. Ray Wilks. Indeed, the instruction systems in Malaysia purposes to model persons to go better Malaysians with the right attitudes, and to fit them with the cognition and accomplishments necessary in the 21st century to do Malaysia a developed state by the twelvemonth 2020. To run into the challenges of the 20 first-century and Vision 2020, learning and learning patterns and school direction are invariably reviewed to develop persons who are technologically literate and can lend to a originative and advanced work force. This transmutation will imply altering the school civilization, from one that is preponderantly memory-based to one that stimulates believing, creativeness, and innovativeness. Yet the importance placed on academic accomplishment has earnestly impacted on the ability and efficiency of the Malayan instruction system in developing holistic persons that are able to manage the challenges of life after formal schooling. In fact many a times, newspapers highlighted employers ailments that school departers and even university ‘s alumnuss have jobs discoursing and pass oning efficaciously, allow entirely to believe critically and creatively. In add-on the deficiency of critical and originative thought abilities among Malaysians school departers and university alumnuss has been pinpointed by the Minister of Human Resource, Datuk Dr. S Subramaniam, as one of the chief jobs lending to their low marketability in the occupation market. The deficiency of believing accomplishments among the present and future work force of the state will halter the state ‘s attempts toward accomplishing a developed state position by 2020. What are critical and originative thought? Critical thought is a type of believing that converges on a individual idea or entity. One must form, analyse or measure information, which might besides be broken into parts and taught explicitly. A cognitive procedure complimentary to, but different than critical thought, is originative thought. This believing diverges from a individual idea or entity. One must bring forth, synthesise, happen options, adapt, replacement, or elaborate. Critical and originative thought are the edifice blocks that will do certain our pupils will hold the required thought accomplishments to win in life and at work and guarantee the attainment of Vision 2020. Detractors of attempts to stress critical and originative thought in the course of study have point to the possibility of poorer academic accomplishments as a effect. However, research has shown that when pupils develop their thought accomplishments by looking beyond the obvious, doing originative connexions, developing schemes, doing determinations, be aftering in front and reflecting, they besides improved their academic public presentation. Therefore, stressing critical and originative thought will augment academic accomplishment. How to promote critical and originative thought? One manner is to cut down the accent on the usage summational appraisals such as UPSR, PMR and SPM. Summational appraisals are used for categorising pupils and emphasize the usage of written scrutinies. The UPSR and PMR summational appraisal have deviated from its original intent of naming larning jobs with the purpose of fixing remedial actions to better pupils larning. They are now used to stream kids into categories. In psychological footings, it is bad to label kids. It is positive support for smart kids, as defined by our appraisal system, but non for the kids who do non make good. The tools used in our public scrutinies are picking up all the rote scholars. Professor Dr Ray Wilks says, â€Å" From a psychological point of position, to label a kid of 12 is a sort of life sentence. † He further provinces that experiments have shown that if we tell instructors that a kid is of certain achievement degree, they will learn to th at point. The instructors will non raise their instruction to the following degree for that kid. Alternatively we should promote more formative appraisal in the acquisition environments. Formative appraisal besides called uninterrupted appraisal is a more dependable manner to look at the acquisition procedure. School-based uninterrupted appraisal looks at broader instruction accomplishments, such as communicating, critical and originative thought, and teamwork, instead than merely textbook accomplishments. These accomplishments are assessed by instructors through activities like arguments, play, analyzing issues and undertaking work. Formative appraisals besides provide diagnostic information to enable instructors to help pupils with larning troubles. Furthermore, when there are less public scrutinies, kids can hold more clip to research other involvements such as music and humanistic disciplines that would assist instil creativeness in them. â€Å" I ‘ve ever wanted my kids to larn to play the piano, but they are ever tired after schools and tuition, † says one parent. With less scrutiny, instructors will besides hold more clip to form field trips and jaunts, which will let pupils to be in contact with nature and detect new larning chances for critical and originative thought that may non be present in the schoolroom. Given appropriate chances, kids can prosecute in sophisticated cognitive procedures. Research suggests that either excessively much or excessively small construction can forestall development of critical and originative thought and in the procedure kids are non equipped with active and strategic attacks to larning undertakings. Therefore, appropriate instructional attacks could consequences in pupils heightening their critical and originative thought accomplishments. Three attacks are normally used in the instruction of believing accomplishments: stand-alone attack, submergence attack and embedded attack. Stand-alone attack consists of learning believing accomplishments separate from capable affair content. In this instance a general set of thought accomplishments are identified and taught as a separate class or capable. Students are taught how to reassign the accomplishments to assorted topics and state of affairss. However, believing accomplishments taught in isolation tend to consequences in pupils holding jobs reassigning believing accomplishments to academic or existent universe jobs. The submergence attack does non affect learning believing accomplishments. Rather it allows good thought to develop of course as a consequence of pupils being to the full engaged or immersed in content-related activities which calls for higher degrees of thought. Students are provided with perennial patterns in complex cognitive activities with the premise that they will finally develop the necessary cognitive accomplishments to successfully prosecute in high-ranking thought. However, research has shown that merely plunging pupils in thought activities is non an effectual instructional attack. The embedded attack involves learning believing accomplishments within a subject-matter context. Thinking accomplishments are taught in scientific discipline, societal surveies, linguistic communication, humanistic disciplines, and some other topics. Students than use these accomplishments straight to the peculiar topic being studied. This allows pupils to utilize the accomplishments in a meaningful context and helps them larn the capable affair more profoundly. An embedded attack is an effectual manner to learn believing accomplishments. Rather than an extra topic, believing accomplishments are used to heighten whatever course of study presently being taught. Training instructors in specific instructional attacks means that schools must put in instructors ‘ professional development. Instructional attacks that help instructors incorporate a â€Å" acquisition to believe † constituent into their course of study empower pupils to take duty for bettering their thought and acquisition. Although cognitive development is merely one portion of a kid ‘s overall development, it is indispensable that instructors respond to the community demand for and the kid ‘s right to cognitive competency. Teacher developing suppliers need to go cognizant of the benefits of certain instructional attacks on pupil public presentation and integrated preparation in such attacks in their classs. Therefore, in decision, Malaysia needs to guarantee that its future coevals does non merely execute good academically but should possess the ability to believe critically and creatively. All Malaysians should back up the integrating of critical and originative thought in its educational course of study. It should non merely simply be stated in printed paperss. Affirmative actions should be put in topographic point to guarantee that the instruction and acquisition of critical and originative thought is actualized in the schoolroom context. Lest, Vision 2020 remains a dream and Malaysia will bumble in its ability to accomplish the New Economic Model towards accomplishing 1Malaysia, â€Å" Peoples First, Performance Now † . ( 1497 words )